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91_SB0242eng
SB242 Engrossed LRB9101314KSgc
1 AN ACT to amend the Condominium Property Act by changing
2 Sections 18.2 and 18.5.
3 Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois,
4 represented in the General Assembly:
5 Section 5. The Condominium Property Act is amended by
6 changing Sections 18.2 and 18.5 as follows:
7 (765 ILCS 605/18.2) (from Ch. 30, par. 318.2)
8 Sec. 18.2. Administration of property prior to election
9 of initial board of managers.
10 (a) Until election of the initial board of managers that
11 is comprised of a majority of unit owners other than the
12 developer (first unit owner board of managers), the same
13 rights, titles, powers, privileges, trusts, duties and
14 obligations vested in or imposed upon the board of managers
15 by this Act and in the declaration and bylaws shall be held
16 and performed by the developer.
17 (b) (i) The election of the first unit owner board of
18 managers shall be held not later than 60 days after the
19 conveyance by the developer of 75% of the units, or 3
20 years after the recording of the declaration, whichever
21 is earlier. The developer shall give at least 21 days
22 notice of such meeting to elect the first unit owner
23 board of managers and shall provide to any unit owner
24 within 3 working days of the request, the names,
25 addresses, and weighted vote of each unit owner entitled
26 to vote at such meeting. Any unit owner shall be
27 provided with the same information within 10 days of
28 receipt of the request, with respect to each subsequent
29 meeting to elect members of the Board of Managers.
30 (ii) In the event the developer does not call a
31 meeting for the purpose of election of the board of
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1 managers within the time provided in this subsection (b),
2 unit owners holding 20% of the interest in the
3 association may call a meeting by filing a petition for
4 such meeting with the developer, after which said unit
5 owners shall have authority to send notice of said
6 meeting to the unit owners and to hold such meeting.
7 (c) If the first unit board of managers is not elected
8 at the time so established, the developer shall continue in
9 office for a period of 30 days whereupon written notice of
10 his resignation shall be sent to all of the unit owners
11 entitled to vote at such election.
12 (d) Within 60 days following the election of the first
13 unit owner board of managers, the developer shall deliver to
14 the board of managers:
15 (1) All original documents as recorded or filed
16 pertaining to the property, its administration, and the
17 association, such as the declaration, by-laws, articles
18 of incorporation, other condominium instruments, annual
19 reports, minutes and rules and regulations, contracts,
20 leases, or other agreements entered into by the
21 Association. If any original documents are unavailable,
22 a copy may be provided if certified by affidavit of the
23 developer, or an officer or agent of the developer, as
24 being a complete copy of the actual document recorded as
25 filed.
26 (2) A detailed accounting by the developer, setting
27 forth the source and nature of receipts and expenditures
28 in connection with the management, maintenance and
29 operation of the property and copies of all insurance
30 policies and a list of any loans or advances to the
31 association which are outstanding.
32 (3) Association funds, which shall have been at all
33 times segregated from any other moneys of the developer.
34 (4) A schedule of all real or personal property,
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1 equipment and fixtures belonging to the association,
2 including documents transferring the property,
3 warranties, if any, for all real and personal property
4 and equipment, deeds, title insurance policies, and all
5 tax bills.
6 (5) A list of all litigation, administrative action
7 and arbitrations involving the association, any notices
8 of governmental bodies involving actions taken or which
9 may be taken concerning the association, engineering and
10 architectural drawings and specifications as approved by
11 any governmental authority, all other documents filed
12 with any other governmental authority, all governmental
13 certificates, correspondence involving enforcement of any
14 association requirements, copies of any documents
15 relating to disputes involving unit owners, originals of
16 all documents relating to everything listed in this
17 subparagraph.
18 (e) Upon election of the first unit owner board of
19 managers, any contract, lease, or other agreement made prior
20 to the date of election of the first unit owner board by or
21 on behalf of unit owners, individually or collectively, the
22 unit owners' association, the board of managers, or the
23 developer or its affiliates which extends for a period of
24 more than 2 years from the date of the election, shall be
25 subject to cancellation by a majority of the votes of the
26 unit owners other than the developer cast at a special
27 meeting of members called for that purpose during the 180 day
28 period beginning on the date of the election of the first
29 unit owner board. At least 60 days prior to the expiration
30 of the 180 day cancellation period, the board of managers
31 shall send notice to every unit owner, notifying them of this
32 provision, what contracts, leases and other agreements are
33 affected, and the procedure for calling a meeting of the unit
34 owners for the purpose of voting on termination of such
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1 contracts, leases or other agreements. During the 180 day
2 cancellation period the other party to the contract, lease,
3 or other agreement shall also have the right of cancellation.
4 The cancellation shall be effective 30 days after mailing
5 notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the
6 last known address of the other parties to the contract,
7 lease, or other agreement.
8 (f) The statute of limitations for any actions in law or
9 equity which the condominium association may bring shall not
10 begin to run until the unit owners have elected a majority of
11 the members of the board of managers.
12 (g) If the developer fails to fully comply with
13 subsection (d) within the 60 days provided and fails to fully
14 comply within 10 days of written demand mailed by registered
15 or certified mail to his or her last known address, the board
16 may bring an action to compel compliance with subsection (d).
17 If the court finds that any of the required deliveries were
18 not made within the required period, the board shall be
19 entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys' fees and costs
20 incurred from and after the date of expiration of the 10 day
21 demand.
22 (Source: P.A. 89-41, eff. 6-23-95; 89-626, eff. 8-9-96.)
23 (765 ILCS 605/18.5) (from Ch. 30, par. 318.5)
24 Sec. 18.5. Master Associations.
25 (a) If the declaration, other condominium instrument, or
26 other duly recorded covenants provide that any of the powers
27 of the unit owners associations are to be exercised by or may
28 be delegated to a nonprofit corporation or unincorporated
29 association that exercises those or other powers on behalf of
30 one or more condominiums, or for the benefit of the unit
31 owners of one or more condominiums, such corporation or
32 association shall be a master association.
33 (b) There shall be included in the declaration, other
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1 condominium instruments, or other duly recorded covenants
2 establishing the powers and duties of the master association
3 the provisions set forth in subsections (c) through (h).
4 In interpreting subsections (c) through (h), the courts
5 should interpret these provisions so that they are
6 interpreted consistently with the similar parallel provisions
7 found in other parts of this Act.
8 (c) Meetings and finances.
9 (1) Each unit owner of a condominium subject to the
10 authority of the board of the master association shall
11 receive, at least 30 days prior to the adoption thereof
12 by the board of the master association, a copy of the
13 proposed annual budget.
14 (2) The board of the master association shall
15 annually supply to all unit owners of condominiums
16 subject to the authority of the board of the master
17 association an itemized accounting of the common expenses
18 for the preceding year actually incurred or paid,
19 together with a tabulation of the amounts collected
20 pursuant to the budget or assessment, and showing the net
21 excess or deficit of income over expenditures plus
22 reserves.
23 (3) Each unit owner of a condominium subject to the
24 authority of the board of the master association shall
25 receive written notice mailed or delivered no less than
26 10 and no more than 30 days prior to any meeting of the
27 board of the master association concerning the adoption
28 of the proposed annual budget or any increase in the
29 budget, or establishment of an assessment.
30 (4) Meetings of the board of the master association
31 shall be open to any unit owner in a condominium subject
32 to the authority of the board of the master association,
33 except for the portion of any meeting held:
34 (A) to discuss litigation when an action
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1 against or on behalf of the particular master
2 association has been filed and is pending in a court
3 or administrative tribunal, or when the board of the
4 master association finds that such an action is
5 probable or imminent,
6 (B) to consider information regarding
7 appointment, employment or dismissal of an employee,
8 or
9 (C) to discuss violations of rules and
10 regulations of the master association or unpaid
11 common expenses owed to the master association.
12 Any vote on these matters shall be taken at a meeting or
13 portion thereof open to any unit owner of a condominium
14 subject to the authority of the master association.
15 Any unit owner may record the proceedings at
16 meetings required to be open by this Act by tape, film or
17 other means; the board may prescribe reasonable rules and
18 regulations to govern the right to make such recordings.
19 Notice of meetings shall be mailed or delivered at least
20 48 hours prior thereto, unless a written waiver of such
21 notice is signed by the persons entitled to notice before
22 the meeting is convened. Copies of notices of meetings
23 of the board of the master association shall be posted in
24 entranceways, elevators, or other conspicuous places in
25 the condominium at least 48 hours prior to the meeting of
26 the board of the master association. Where there is no
27 common entranceway for 7 or more units, the board of the
28 master association may designate one or more locations in
29 the proximity of these units where the notices of
30 meetings shall be posted.
31 (5) If the declaration provides for election by
32 unit owners of members of the board of directors in the
33 event of a resale of a unit in the master association,
34 the purchaser of a unit from a seller other than the
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1 developer pursuant to an installment contract for
2 purchase shall, during such times as he or she resides in
3 the unit, be counted toward a quorum for purposes of
4 election of members of the board of directors at any
5 meeting of the unit owners called for purposes of
6 electing members of the board, and shall have the right
7 to vote for the election of members of the board of
8 directors and to be elected to and serve on the board of
9 directors unless the seller expressly retains in writing
10 any or all of those rights. In no event may the seller
11 and purchaser both be counted toward a quorum, be
12 permitted to vote for a particular office, or be elected
13 and serve on the board. Satisfactory evidence of the
14 installment contract shall be made available to the
15 association or its agents. For purposes of this
16 subsection, "installment contract" shall have the same
17 meaning as set forth in subsection (e) of Section 1 of
18 the Dwelling Unit Installment Contract Act.
19 (6) The board of the master association shall have
20 the authority to establish and maintain a system of
21 master metering of public utility services and to collect
22 payments in connection therewith, subject to the
23 requirements of the Tenant Utility Payment Disclosure
24 Act.
25 (7) The board of the master association or a common
26 interest community association shall have the power,
27 after notice and an opportunity to be heard, to levy and
28 collect reasonable fines from members for violations of
29 the declaration, bylaws, and rules and regulations of the
30 master association or the common interest community
31 association. Nothing contained in this subdivision (7)
32 shall give rise to a statutory lien for unpaid fines.
33 (d) Records.
34 (1) The board of the master association shall
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1 maintain the following records of the association and
2 make them available for examination and copying at
3 convenient hours of weekdays by any unit owners in a
4 condominium subject to the authority of the board or
5 their mortgagees and their duly authorized agents or
6 attorneys:
7 (i) Copies of the recorded declaration, other
8 condominium instruments, other duly recorded
9 covenants and bylaws and any amendments, articles of
10 incorporation of the master association, annual
11 reports and any rules and regulations adopted by the
12 master association or its board shall be available.
13 Prior to the organization of the master association,
14 the developer shall maintain and make available the
15 records set forth in this subdivision (d)(1) for
16 examination and copying.
17 (ii) Detailed and accurate records in
18 chronological order of the receipts and expenditures
19 affecting the common areas, specifying and itemizing
20 the maintenance and repair expenses of the common
21 areas and any other expenses incurred, and copies of
22 all contracts, leases, or other agreements entered
23 into by the master association, shall be maintained.
24 (iii) The minutes of all meetings of the
25 master association and the board of the master
26 association shall be maintained for not less than 7
27 years.
28 (iv) Ballots and proxies related thereto, if
29 any, for any election held for the board of the
30 master association and for any other matters voted
31 on by the unit owners shall be maintained for not
32 less than one year.
33 (v) Such other records of the master
34 association as are available for inspection by
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1 members of a not-for-profit corporation pursuant to
2 Section 107.75 of the General Not For Profit
3 Corporation Act of 1986 shall be maintained.
4 (vi) With respect to units owned by a land
5 trust, if a trustee designates in writing a person
6 to cast votes on behalf of the unit owner, the
7 designation shall remain in effect until a
8 subsequent document is filed with the association.
9 (2) Where a request for records under this
10 subsection is made in writing to the board of managers or
11 its agent, failure to provide the requested record or to
12 respond within 30 days shall be deemed a denial by the
13 board of directors.
14 (3) A reasonable fee may be charged by the master
15 association or its board for the cost of copying.
16 (4) If the board of directors fails to provide
17 records properly requested under subdivision (d)(1)
18 within the time period provided in subdivision (d)(2),
19 the unit owner may seek appropriate relief, including an
20 award of attorney's fees and costs.
21 (e) The board of directors shall have standing and
22 capacity to act in a representative capacity in relation to
23 matters involving the common areas of the master association
24 or more than one unit, on behalf of the unit owners as their
25 interests may appear.
26 (f) Administration of property prior to election of the
27 initial board of directors.
28 (1) Until the election, by the unit owners or the
29 boards of managers of the underlying condominium
30 associations, of the initial board of directors of a
31 master association whose declaration is recorded on or
32 after August 10, 1990, the same rights, titles, powers,
33 privileges, trusts, duties and obligations that are
34 vested in or imposed upon the board of directors by this
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1 Act or in the declaration or other duly recorded covenant
2 shall be held and performed by the developer.
3 (2) The election of the initial board of directors
4 of a master association whose declaration is recorded on
5 or after August 10, 1990, by the unit owners or the
6 boards of managers of the underlying condominium
7 associations, shall be held not later than 60 days after
8 the conveyance by the developer of 75% of the units, or 3
9 years after the recording of the declaration, whichever
10 is earlier. The developer shall give at least 21 days
11 notice of the meeting to elect the initial board of
12 directors and shall upon request provide to any unit
13 owner, within 3 working days of the request, the names,
14 addresses, and weighted vote of each unit owner entitled
15 to vote at the meeting. Any unit owner shall upon
16 receipt of the request be provided with the same
17 information, within 10 days of the request, with respect
18 to each subsequent meeting to elect members of the board
19 of directors.
20 (3) If the initial board of directors of a master
21 association whose declaration is recorded on or after
22 August 10, 1990 is not elected by the unit owners or the
23 members of the underlying condominium association board
24 of managers at the time established in subdivision
25 (f)(2), the developer shall continue in office for a
26 period of 30 days, whereupon written notice of his
27 resignation shall be sent to all of the unit owners or
28 members of the underlying condominium board of managers
29 entitled to vote at an election for members of the board
30 of directors.
31 (4) Within 60 days following the election of a
32 majority of the board of directors, other than the
33 developer, by unit owners, the developer shall deliver to
34 the board of directors:
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1 (i) All original documents as recorded or
2 filed pertaining to the property, its
3 administration, and the association, such as the
4 declaration, articles of incorporation, other
5 instruments, annual reports, minutes, rules and
6 regulations, and contracts, leases, or other
7 agreements entered into by the association. If any
8 original documents are unavailable, a copy may be
9 provided if certified by affidavit of the developer,
10 or an officer or agent of the developer, as being a
11 complete copy of the actual document recorded or
12 filed.
13 (ii) A detailed accounting by the developer,
14 setting forth the source and nature of receipts and
15 expenditures in connection with the management,
16 maintenance and operation of the property, copies of
17 all insurance policies, and a list of any loans or
18 advances to the association which are outstanding.
19 (iii) Association funds, which shall have been
20 at all times segregated from any other moneys of the
21 developer.
22 (iv) A schedule of all real or personal
23 property, equipment and fixtures belonging to the
24 association, including documents transferring the
25 property, warranties, if any, for all real and
26 personal property and equipment, deeds, title
27 insurance policies, and all tax bills.
28 (v) A list of all litigation, administrative
29 action and arbitrations involving the association,
30 any notices of governmental bodies involving actions
31 taken or which may be taken concerning the
32 association, engineering and architectural drawings
33 and specifications as approved by any governmental
34 authority, all other documents filed with any other
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1 governmental authority, all governmental
2 certificates, correspondence involving enforcement
3 of any association requirements, copies of any
4 documents relating to disputes involving unit
5 owners, and originals of all documents relating to
6 everything listed in this subparagraph.
7 (vi) If the developer fails to fully comply
8 with this paragraph (4) within the 60 days provided
9 and fails to fully comply within 10 days of written
10 demand mailed by registered or certified mail to his
11 or her last known address, the board may bring an
12 action to compel compliance with this paragraph (4).
13 In the action, the developer shall have the burden
14 of proving that all deliveries required by
15 subparagraphs (i) through (v) were made within the
16 prescribed period. If the court finds that any of
17 the required deliveries were not made within the
18 required period, the board shall be entitled to
19 recover its reasonable attorneys' fees and costs
20 incurred from and after the date of expiration of
21 the 10 day demand.
22 (5) With respect to any master association whose
23 declaration is recorded on or after August 10, 1990, any
24 contract, lease, or other agreement made prior to the
25 election of a majority of the board of directors other
26 than the developer by or on behalf of unit owners or
27 underlying condominium associations, the association or
28 the board of directors, which extends for a period of
29 more than 2 years from the recording of the declaration,
30 shall be subject to cancellation by more than 1/2 of the
31 votes of the unit owners, other than the developer, cast
32 at a special meeting of members called for that purpose
33 during a period of 90 days prior to the expiration of the
34 2 year period if the board of managers is elected by the
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1 unit owners, otherwise by more than 1/2 of the underlying
2 condominium board of managers. At least 60 days prior to
3 the expiration of the 2 year period, the board of
4 directors, or, if the board is still under developer
5 control, then the board of managers or the developer
6 shall send notice to every unit owner or underlying
7 condominium board of managers, notifying them of this
8 provision, of what contracts, leases and other agreements
9 are affected, and of the procedure for calling a meeting
10 of the unit owners or for action by the underlying
11 condominium board of managers for the purpose of acting
12 to terminate such contracts, leases or other agreements.
13 During the 90 day period the other party to the contract,
14 lease, or other agreement shall also have the right of
15 cancellation.
16 (6) The statute of limitations for any actions in
17 law or equity which the master association may bring
18 shall not begin to run until the unit owners or
19 underlying condominium board of managers have elected a
20 majority of the members of the board of directors.
21 (g) In the event of any resale of a unit in a master
22 association by a unit owner other than the developer, the
23 owner shall obtain from the board of directors and shall make
24 available for inspection to the prospective purchaser, upon
25 demand, the following:
26 (1) A copy of the declaration, other instruments
27 and any rules and regulations.
28 (2) A statement of any liens, including a statement
29 of the account of the unit setting forth the amounts of
30 unpaid assessments and other charges due and owing.
31 (3) A statement of any capital expenditures
32 anticipated by the association within the current or
33 succeeding 2 fiscal years.
34 (4) A statement of the status and amount of any
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1 reserve for replacement fund and any portion of such fund
2 earmarked for any specified project by the board of
3 directors.
4 (5) A copy of the statement of financial condition
5 of the association for the last fiscal year for which
6 such a statement is available.
7 (6) A statement of the status of any pending suits
8 or judgments in which the association is a party.
9 (7) A statement setting forth what insurance
10 coverage is provided for all unit owners by the
11 association.
12 (8) A statement that any improvements or
13 alterations made to the unit, or any part of the common
14 areas assigned thereto, by the prior unit owner are in
15 good faith believed to be in compliance with the
16 declaration of the master association.
17 The principal officer of the unit owner's association or
18 such other officer as is specifically designated shall
19 furnish the above information when requested to do so in
20 writing, within 30 days of receiving the request.
21 A reasonable fee covering the direct out-of-pocket cost
22 of copying and providing such information may be charged by
23 the association or its board of directors to the unit seller
24 for providing the information.
25 (h) Errors and omissions.
26 (1) If there is an omission or error in the
27 declaration or other instrument of the master
28 association, the master association may correct the error
29 or omission by an amendment to the declaration or other
30 instrument, as may be required to conform it to this Act,
31 to any other applicable statute, or to the declaration.
32 The amendment shall be adopted by vote of two-thirds of
33 the members of the board of directors or by a majority
34 vote of the unit owners at a meeting called for that
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1 purpose, unless the Act or the declaration of the master
2 association specifically provides for greater percentages
3 or different procedures.
4 (2) If, through a scrivener's error, a unit has not
5 been designated as owning an appropriate undivided share
6 of the common areas or does not bear an appropriate share
7 of the common expenses, or if all of the common expenses
8 or all of the common elements in the condominium have not
9 been distributed in the declaration, so that the sum
10 total of the shares of common areas which have been
11 distributed or the sum total of the shares of the common
12 expenses fail to equal 100%, or if it appears that more
13 than 100% of the common elements or common expenses have
14 been distributed, the error may be corrected by operation
15 of law by filing an amendment to the declaration,
16 approved by vote of two-thirds of the members of the
17 board of directors or a majority vote of the unit owners
18 at a meeting called for that purpose, which
19 proportionately adjusts all percentage interests so that
20 the total is equal to 100%, unless the declaration
21 specifically provides for a different procedure or
22 different percentage vote by the owners of the units and
23 the owners of mortgages thereon affected by modification
24 being made in the undivided interest in the common areas,
25 the number of votes in the unit owners association or the
26 liability for common expenses appertaining to the unit.
27 (3) If an omission or error or a scrivener's error
28 in the declaration or other instrument is corrected by
29 vote of two-thirds of the members of the board of
30 directors pursuant to the authority established in
31 subdivisions (h)(1) or (h)(2) of this Section, the board,
32 upon written petition by unit owners with 20% of the
33 votes of the association or resolutions adopted by the
34 board of managers or board of directors of the
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1 condominium and common interest community associations
2 which select 20% of the members of the board of directors
3 of the master association, whichever is applicable,
4 received within 30 days of the board action, shall call a
5 meeting of the unit owners or the boards of the
6 condominium and common interest community associations
7 which select members of the board of directors of the
8 master association within 30 days of the filing of the
9 petition or receipt of the condominium and common
10 interest community association resolution to consider the
11 board action. Unless a majority of the votes of the unit
12 owners of the association are cast at the meeting to
13 reject the action, or board of managers or board of
14 directors of condominium and common interest community
15 associations which select over 50% of the members of the
16 board of the master association adopt resolutions prior
17 to the meeting rejecting the action of the board of
18 directors of the master association, it is ratified
19 whether or not a quorum is present.
20 (4) The procedures for amendments set forth in this
21 subsection (h) cannot be used if such an amendment would
22 materially or adversely affect property rights of the
23 unit owners unless the affected unit owners consent in
24 writing. This Section does not restrict the powers of
25 the association to otherwise amend the declaration,
26 bylaws, or other condominium instruments, but authorizes
27 a simple process of amendment requiring a lesser vote for
28 the purpose of correcting defects, errors, or omissions
29 when the property rights of the unit owners are not
30 materially or adversely affected.
31 (5) If there is an omission or error in the
32 declaration or other instruments that may not be
33 corrected by an amendment procedure set forth in
34 subdivision (h)(1) or (h)(2) of this Section, then the
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1 circuit court in the county in which the master
2 association is located shall have jurisdiction to hear a
3 petition of one or more of the unit owners thereon or of
4 the association, to correct the error or omission, and
5 the action may be a class action. The court may require
6 that one or more methods of correcting the error or
7 omission be submitted to the unit owners to determine the
8 most acceptable correction. All unit owners in the
9 association must be joined as parties to the action.
10 Service of process on owners may be by publication, but
11 the plaintiff shall furnish all unit owners not
12 personally served with process with copies of the
13 petition and final judgment of the court by certified
14 mail, return receipt requested, at their last known
15 address.
16 (6) Nothing contained in this Section shall be
17 construed to invalidate any provision of a declaration
18 authorizing the developer to amend an instrument prior to
19 the latest date on which the initial membership meeting
20 of the unit owners must be held, whether or not it has
21 actually been held, to bring the instrument into
22 compliance with the legal requirements of the Federal
23 National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan
24 Mortgage Corporation, the Federal Housing Administration,
25 the United States Veterans Administration or their
26 respective successors and assigns.
27 (i) The provisions of subsections (c) through (h) are
28 applicable to all declarations, other condominium
29 instruments, and other duly recorded covenants establishing
30 the powers and duties of the master association recorded
31 under this Act. Any portion of a declaration, other
32 condominium instrument, or other duly recorded covenant
33 establishing the powers and duties of a master association
34 which contains provisions contrary to the provisions of
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1 subsection (c) through (h) shall be void as against public
2 policy and ineffective. Any declaration, other condominium
3 instrument, or other duly recorded covenant establishing the
4 powers and duties of the master association which fails to
5 contain the provisions required by subsections (c) through
6 (h) shall be deemed to incorporate such provisions by
7 operation of law.
8 (j) The provisions of subsections (c) through (h) are
9 applicable to all common interest community associations and
10 their unit owners for common interest community associations
11 which are subject to the provisions of Section 9-102(a)(8) of
12 the Code of Civil Procedure. For purposes of this
13 subsection, the terms "common interest community" and "unit
14 owners" shall have the same meaning as set forth in Section
15 9-102(c) of the Code of Civil Procedure.
16 (Source: P.A. 89-41, eff. 6-23-95; 90-229, eff. 7-25-97.)
17 Section 99. Effective date. This Act takes effect upon
18 becoming law.
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